让“无声世界”感受赛场魅力！带你看看冬奥手语数字人有哪些奥秘******
2022年2月4日，第24届冬季奥林匹克运动会在北京举行，让世界目光再次聚焦中国。本届北京冬奥会秉持绿色、共享、开放、廉洁的办赛理念，凝聚中国科技力量，面向世界、面向未来，向全球奉献了一场精彩、非凡、卓越的奥运盛会。
本届冬奥会运用最新科技手段，为全世界观众提供了惊艳的现场转播和全方位覆盖报道，北京冬奥会也成一场上科技含量高的奥运会。赛事活动期间，为了让各类人群都能平等地享受本届冬奥盛会，北京电视台上线了智能手语播报数字人，在《北京新闻》和《北京您早》等节目中进行冬奥专题手语播报，为听障人士带来精彩赛事报道。
最新数据显示，我国听障人群超过2700万，这部分人群与健听人一样，他们对教育、社交、娱乐等信息获取都有巨大的需求。但长期以来，传统人工手语翻译工作量大，且主持人和手语主持人配合难度极高。手语动作表情复杂，语序与正常语序差异大，正常情况下想要熟练掌握手语大约需要2年左右的时间，还要结合语境进行猜测。
受北京市科委科技冬奥专班委托，北京电视台联合凌云光、智谱AI等业内科技公司，在北京市残疾人联合会和市残联聋人协会等支持下，用3个多月时间，让手语播报数字人完成了近10万条手语语料学习，且翻译准确率高达90%。
在如此短的时间内实现这项高难度动作，智能手语数字人是如何做到，在这背后又有哪些技术创新难点？
在多位业内人士看来，近年来人工智能体系建设重点布局在算法层和应用层，数据层建设远远不足，并且针对数字人相关产业，底层数据库的数量、质量和开源程度还明显不足。尤其是国内现有的手语语料数据库数量少，且多以图像、视频等二维平面为主，无法满足AI（人工智能）训练的需求。
同时，因手语语序与中文语序差异大，方言分化更加复杂，且需要通过表情、口型、动作等方式来传达信息。除了传统的二维平面图像、视频采集，三维肢体运动、表情信息数据采集及结构化参数表达外，手语语料数据库建设对三维运动信息捕捉也十分重要。
凌云光手语数字人产品相关负责人介绍，在建设高质量手语语料库的同时，他们充分调研了2022北京冬奥专用手语术语，并联合北京市残联、聋人协会等相关组织机构，进行数据标注，建设手语语义映射关系，不仅完善了国内手语数据库的建设，也为手语推广和AI研究留下了宝贵的数据资产。
该负责人举例说，基于“悟道2.0”超大规模人工智能模型的技术支撑，手语数字脑用计算机模仿听障人士的大脑，将看到的中文文本信息转换成手语词汇序列，包括中文语义蒸馏模型和AI手语分词快编算法的研究。中文语义蒸馏模型用于从输入的文稿或文本中提取出关键的语义信息，将中文文本语义提炼和精简，形成精准匹配适合手语表达的文本；AI手语分词快编算法则用于将蒸馏得到的中文文本，根据冬奥手语语料库划分成相应的手语词汇序列，供数字人做表达输入。
该负责人还提到，数字人是冬奥手语播报的载体和展现形式，通过高精度写实数字人全流程制作方案，可实现一键数字建模，高度还原真人发肤，重新毛孔等细节，更加真实亲切。同时，通过跨模态拟人生成算法，还可以将手语词汇序列，生成相应的动作信息，驱动数字人模型做出相应的动作、手势和表情。（姚坤森）
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
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